Non-coherent waveforms for wireless communication

ABSTRACT

In one aspect, performing, by a wireless communication device, a non-coherent encoding operation on first data to generate a first transmission, wherein the non-coherent encoding operation encodes data independent of channel state information (CSI); and transmitting, by the wireless communication device, the first transmission, wherein the first transmission is non-coherently encoded. In another aspect, receiving, by a wireless communication device, a first transmission, wherein the first transmission is non-coherently encoded independent of channel state information (CSI); and performing, by the wireless communication device, a non-coherent decoding operation on the first transmission to decode the first transmission. Other aspects and features are also claimed and described.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 62/916,000, entitled, “NON-COHERENT WAVEFORMS FORWIRELESS COMMUNICATION,” filed on Oct. 16, 2019, which is expresslyincorporated by reference herein in its entirety. This application isalso related to co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/071,592,also entitled “NON-COHERENT WAVEFORMS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION,” filedon Oct. 15, 2020.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wirelesscommunication systems, and more particularly, to non-coherent waveformsCertain embodiments of the technology discussed below can enable andprovide reduced cost communications for advance wireless networks.

INTRODUCTION

Wireless communication networks are widely deployed to provide variouscommunication services such as voice, video, packet data, messaging,broadcast, and the like. These wireless networks may be multiple-accessnetworks capable of supporting multiple users by sharing the availablenetwork resources. Such networks, which are usually multiple accessnetworks, support communications for multiple users by sharing theavailable network resources.

A wireless communication network may include a number of base stationsor node Bs that can support communication for a number of userequipments (UEs). A UE may communicate with a base station via downlinkand uplink. The downlink (or forward link) refers to the communicationlink from the base station to the UE, and the uplink (or reverse link)refers to the communication link from the UE to the base station.

A base station may transmit data and control information on the downlinkto a UE and/or may receive data and control information on the uplinkfrom the UE. On the downlink, a transmission from the base station mayencounter interference due to transmissions from neighbor base stationsor from other wireless radio frequency (RF) transmitters. On the uplink,a transmission from the UE may encounter interference from uplinktransmissions of other UEs communicating with the neighbor base stationsor from other wireless RF transmitters. This interference may degradeperformance on both the downlink and uplink.

As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, thepossibilities of interference and congested networks grows with more UEsaccessing the long-range wireless communication networks and moreshort-range wireless systems being deployed in communities. Research anddevelopment continue to advance wireless technologies not only to meetthe growing demand for mobile broadband access, but to advance andenhance the user experience with mobile communications.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF SOME EMBODIMENTS

The following summarizes some aspects of the present disclosure toprovide a basic understanding of the discussed technology. This summaryis not an extensive overview of all contemplated features of thedisclosure, and is intended neither to identify key or critical elementsof all aspects of the disclosure nor to delineate the scope of any orall aspects of the disclosure. Its sole purpose is to present someconcepts of one or more aspects of the disclosure in summary form as aprelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

In one aspect of the disclosure, a method for wireless communicationincludes performing, by a wireless communication device, a non-coherentencoding operation on first data to generate a first transmission,wherein the non-coherent encoding operation encodes data independent ofchannel state information (CSI); and transmitting, by the wirelesscommunication device, the first transmission, wherein the firsttransmission is non-coherently encoded.

In an additional aspect of the disclosure, an apparatus configured forwireless communication is disclosed. The apparatus includes means forperforming, by a wireless communication device, a non-coherent encodingoperation on first data to generate a first transmission, wherein thenon-coherent encoding operation encodes data independent of channelstate information (CSI); and means for transmitting, by the wirelesscommunication device, the first transmission, wherein the firsttransmission is non-coherently encoded.

In an additional aspect of the disclosure, a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium having program code recorded thereon. Theprogram code further includes code to perform, by a wirelesscommunication device, a non-coherent encoding operation on first data togenerate a first transmission, wherein the non-coherent encodingoperation encodes data independent of channel state information (CSI);and transmit, by the wireless communication device, the firsttransmission, wherein the first transmission is non-coherently encoded.

In an additional aspect of the disclosure, an apparatus configured forwireless communication is disclosed. The apparatus includes at least oneprocessor, and a memory coupled to the processor. The processor isconfigured to perform, by a wireless communication device, anon-coherent encoding operation on first data to generate a firsttransmission, wherein the non-coherent encoding operation encodes dataindependent of channel state information (CSI); and transmit, by thewireless communication device, the first transmission, wherein the firsttransmission is non-coherently encoded.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a method for wireless communicationincludes receiving, by a wireless communication device, a firsttransmission, wherein the first transmission is non-coherently encodedindependent of channel state information (CSI); and performing, by thewireless communication device, a non-coherent decoding operation on thefirst transmission to decode the first transmission.

In an additional aspect of the disclosure, an apparatus configured forwireless communication is disclosed. The apparatus includes means forreceiving, by a wireless communication device, a first transmission,wherein the first transmission is non-coherently encoded independent ofchannel state information (CSI); and means for performing, by thewireless communication device, a non-coherent decoding operation on thefirst transmission to decode the first transmission.

In an additional aspect of the disclosure, a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium having program code recorded thereon. Theprogram code further includes code to receive, by a wirelesscommunication device, a first transmission, wherein the firsttransmission is non-coherently encoded independent of channel stateinformation (CSI); and perform, by the wireless communication device, anon-coherent decoding operation on the first transmission to decode thefirst transmission.

In an additional aspect of the disclosure, an apparatus configured forwireless communication is disclosed. The apparatus includes at least oneprocessor, and a memory coupled to the processor. The processor isconfigured to receive, by a wireless communication device, a firsttransmission, wherein the first transmission is non-coherently encodedindependent of channel state information (CSI); and perform, by thewireless communication device, a non-coherent decoding operation on thefirst transmission to decode the first transmission.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a method for wireless communicationincludes performing, by a wireless communication device, a non-coherentencoding operation on first data to generate a first transmission,wherein the non-coherent encoding operation encodes a first resourceelement based on a conjugate of a second resource element; andtransmitting, by the wireless communication device, the firsttransmission, wherein the first transmission is non-coherently encoded.

In yet another aspect of the disclosure, a method for wirelesscommunication includes, performing, by a wireless communication device,a non-coherent encoding operation on first data to generate a firsttransmission, wherein the non-coherent encoding operation encodes afirst resource element based on a conjugate multiplication of twoadjacent resource elements; and transmitting, by the wirelesscommunication device, the first transmission, wherein the firsttransmission is non-coherently encoded.

In one aspect of the disclosure, a method for wireless communicationincludes performing, by a wireless communication device, a non-coherentencoding operation on first data to generate a first transmission,wherein the non-coherent encoding operation encodes data independent ofchannel state information (CSI) using a non-coherent differentialmodulation encoding scheme in a frequency domain for adjacentsubcarriers in an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)waveform; and transmitting, by the wireless communication device, thefirst transmission, wherein the first transmission is non-coherentlyencoded.

In an additional aspect of the disclosure, an apparatus configured forwireless communication is disclosed. The apparatus includes at least oneprocessor, and a memory coupled to the processor. The processor isconfigured to perform, by a wireless communication device, anon-coherent encoding operation on first data to generate a firsttransmission, wherein the non-coherent encoding operation encodes dataindependent of channel state information (CSI) using a non-coherentdifferential modulation encoding scheme in a frequency domain foradjacent subcarriers in an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing(OFDM) waveform; and transmit, by the wireless communication device, thefirst transmission, wherein the first transmission is non-coherentlyencoded.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a method for wireless communicationincludes receiving, by a wireless communication device, a firsttransmission, wherein the first transmission is non-coherently encodedindependent of channel state information (CSI); and performing, by thewireless communication device, a non-coherent decoding operation on thefirst transmission to decode the first transmission using a non-coherentdifferential modulation decoding scheme in a frequency domain foradjacent subcarriers in an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing(OFDM) waveform.

In an additional aspect of the disclosure, an apparatus configured forwireless communication is disclosed. The apparatus includes at least oneprocessor, and a memory coupled to the processor. The processor isconfigured to receive, by a wireless communication device, a firsttransmission, wherein the first transmission is non-coherently encodedindependent of channel state information (CSI); and perform, by thewireless communication device, a non-coherent decoding operation on thefirst transmission to decode the first transmission using a non-coherentdifferential modulation decoding scheme in a frequency domain foradjacent subcarriers in an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing(OFDM) waveform.

In one aspect of the disclosure, a method for wireless communicationincludes performing, by a wireless communication device, a non-coherentencoding operation on first data to generate a first transmission,wherein the non-coherent encoding operation encodes data independent ofchannel state information (CSI) using a non-coherent differentialmodulation encoding scheme between orthogonal frequency-divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) symbols; and transmitting, by the wirelesscommunication device, the first transmission, wherein the firsttransmission is non-coherently encoded.

In an additional aspect of the disclosure, an apparatus configured forwireless communication is disclosed. The apparatus includes at least oneprocessor, and a memory coupled to the processor. The processor isconfigured to perform, by a wireless communication device, anon-coherent encoding operation on first data to generate a firsttransmission, wherein the non-coherent encoding operation encodes dataindependent of channel state information (CSI) using a non-coherentdifferential modulation encoding scheme between orthogonalfrequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols; and transmit, by thewireless communication device, the first transmission, wherein the firsttransmission is non-coherently encoded.

In another aspect of the disclosure, a method for wireless communicationincludes receiving, by a wireless communication device, a firsttransmission, wherein the first transmission is non-coherently encodedindependent of channel state information (CSI); and performing, by thewireless communication device, a non-coherent decoding operation on thefirst transmission to decode the first transmission using a non-coherentdifferential modulation decoding scheme between orthogonalfrequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.

In an additional aspect of the disclosure, an apparatus configured forwireless communication is disclosed. The apparatus includes at least oneprocessor, and a memory coupled to the processor. The processor isconfigured to receive, by a wireless communication device, a firsttransmission, wherein the first transmission is non-coherently encodedindependent of channel state information (CSI); and perform, by thewireless communication device, a non-coherent decoding operation on thefirst transmission to decode the first transmission using a non-coherentdifferential modulation decoding scheme between orthogonalfrequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.

Other aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention willbecome apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, upon reviewingthe following description of specific, exemplary embodiments of thepresent invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures. Whilefeatures of the present invention may be discussed relative to certainembodiments and figures below, all embodiments of the present inventioncan include one or more of the advantageous features discussed herein.In other words, while one or more embodiments may be discussed as havingcertain advantageous features, one or more of such features may also beused in accordance with the various embodiments of the inventiondiscussed herein. In similar fashion, while exemplary embodiments may bediscussed below as device, system, or method embodiments the exemplaryembodiments can be implemented in various devices, systems, and methods.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the presentdisclosure may be realized by reference to the following drawings. Inthe appended figures, similar components or features may have the samereference label. Further, various components of the same type may bedistinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a secondlabel that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the firstreference label is used in the specification, the description isapplicable to any one of the similar components having the same firstreference label irrespective of the second reference label.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating details of a wirelesscommunication system according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating a design of a basestation and a UE configured according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a wirelesscommunications system that enables enhanced radio link monitoring inaccordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4A is a block diagram illustrating example blocks executed by anon-coherent encoder configured according to an aspect of the presentdisclosure.

FIGS. 4B and 4C illustrate examples of 8-PSK signal constellations.

FIG. 4D is a block diagram illustrating an example of a non-coherent,frequency-domain encoding configured according to an aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 4E is a block diagram illustrating an example of a non-coherent,time-domain encoding configured according to an aspect of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating example blocks executed by anon-coherent decoder configured according to an aspect of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 6A is a block diagram illustrating example blocks executed by awireless communication device configured according to an aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 6B is a block diagram illustrating example blocks executed by awireless communication device configured according to an aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 6C is a block diagram illustrating example blocks executed by awireless communication device configured according to an aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 7A is a block diagram illustrating example blocks executed by awireless communication device configured according to an aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 7B is a block diagram illustrating example blocks executed by awireless communication device configured according to an aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 7C is a block diagram illustrating example blocks executed by awireless communication device configured according to an aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating a design of a UEaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating a design of anetwork entity according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The detailed description is related to a new low cost mode and codingscheme for wireless communication, such as fifth generation wireless newradio (5G NR) systems. The low cost mode may be enabled for low powerand low cost communications and uses non-coherent encoding and decodingto generate a new non-coherent waveform for wireless communication.Conventionally, wireless networks, such as 5G and 5G NR, utilizecoherent encoding and decoding schemes (e.g., non-differential codingschemes) to provide robust protection against interference and errors.Additionally, reference signals are employed to further increasereliability. For example, channel state information (CSI), demodulationreference signals (DMRS), and tracking reference signal (TRS) pilotsignals may be used during the encoding and/or decoding process. As anillustrative, non-limiting illustration, a CSI reference signal (CSI-RS)may be used by a network entity (e.g., base station) to generate acoherent transmission, and the network entity transmits the CSI-RS to auser equipment (UE). The UE may estimate channel characteristics basedon the CSI-RS and report the channel characteristics to the networkentity. However, such coherent encoding and decoding schemes utilizesignificant power and processing resources, as compared to the disclosednon-coherent coding schemes. Additionally, such coherent encoding anddecoding schemes are susceptible to the Doppler effect. Thus,conventional signals may degrade and/or not adapt well to mobiledevices, as the movement of the mobile device will cause Doppler spreadwhich may impact decoding.

The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices,and apparatuses that support non-coherent encoding and decoding fornetwork devices. For example, non-coherent encoding and decoding may beused as an alternative mode and waveform for reduced power operationand/or reduced processing operation. As an example, in 5G NR, anon-coherent operating mode or modes may enable reduced power operation,concurrent operations (e.g., wireless communication and otherprocessing), and/or high mobility operations. Non-coherent encoding anddecoding may include or correspond to differential encoding anddecoding. In some implementations, non-coherent encoding and decoding isperformed independent of CSI. Additionally, or alternatively,non-coherent encoding and decoding includes encoding data for aparticular symbol based one or more adjacent symbols. To illustrate, asymbol may be multiplied by a conjugate of an adjacent symbol to encodedata in a particular implementation. Such non-coherent encoding anddecoding may enable enhanced operation and flexibility in wirelesscommunication, such as 5G NR. Accordingly, such techniques may increasedevice performance, reduce device cost, and increase reliability of datasessions and voice calls.

The detailed description set forth below, in connection with theappended drawings, is intended as a description of variousconfigurations and is not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.Rather, the detailed description includes specific details for thepurpose of providing a thorough understanding of the inventive subjectmatter. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that thesespecific details are not required in every case and that, in someinstances, well-known structures and components are shown in blockdiagram form for clarity of presentation.

This disclosure relates generally to providing or participating incommunication as between two or more wireless devices in one or morewireless communications systems, also referred to as wirelesscommunications networks. In various embodiments, the techniques andapparatus may be used for wireless communication networks such as codedivision multiple access (CDMA) networks, time division multiple access(TDMA) networks, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) networks,orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) networks, single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)networks, LTE networks, GSM networks, 5^(th) Generation (5G) or newradio (NR) networks (sometimes referred to as “5G NR”networks/systems/devices), as well as other communications networks. Asdescribed herein, the terms “networks” and “systems” may be usedinterchangeably.

A CDMA network, for example, may implement a radio technology such asuniversal terrestrial radio access (UTRA), cdma2000, and the like. UTRAincludes wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) and low chip rate (LCR). CDMA2000 coversIS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards.

A TDMA network may, for example implement a radio technology such asGSM. 3GPP defines standards for the GSM EDGE (enhanced data rates forGSM evolution) radio access network (RAN), also denoted as GERAN. GERANis the radio component of GSM/EDGE, together with the network that joinsthe base stations (for example, the Ater and Abis interfaces) and thebase station controllers (A interfaces, etc.). The radio access networkrepresents a component of a GSM network, through which phone calls andpacket data are routed from and to the public switched telephone network(PSTN) and Internet to and from subscriber handsets, also known as userterminals or user equipments (UEs). A mobile phone operator's networkmay comprise one or more GERANs, which may be coupled with UniversalTerrestrial Radio Access Networks (UTRANs) in the case of a UMTS/GSMnetwork. An operator network may also include one or more LTE networks,and/or one or more other networks. The various different network typesmay use different radio access technologies (RATs) and radio accessnetworks (RANs).

An OFDMA network may implement a radio technology such as evolved UTRA(E-UTRA), Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)802.11, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, flash-OFDM and the like. UTRA, E-UTRA,and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) are part of universalmobile telecommunication system (UMTS). In particular, long termevolution (LTE) is a release of UMTS that uses E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA,GSM, UMTS and LTE are described in documents provided from anorganization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP), andcdma2000 is described in documents from an organization named “3rdGeneration Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2). These various radiotechnologies and standards are known or are being developed. Forexample, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is acollaboration between groups of telecommunications associations thataims to define a globally applicable third generation (3G) mobile phonespecification. 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) is a 3GPP project whichwas aimed at improving the universal mobile telecommunications system(UMTS) mobile phone standard. The 3GPP may define specifications for thenext generation of mobile networks, mobile systems, and mobile devices.The present disclosure is concerned with the evolution of wirelesstechnologies from LTE, 4G, 5G, NR, and beyond with shared access towireless spectrum between networks using a collection of new anddifferent radio access technologies or radio air interfaces.

5G networks contemplate diverse deployments, diverse spectrum, anddiverse services and devices that may be implemented using an OFDM-basedunified, air interface. To achieve these goals, further enhancements toLTE and LTE-A are considered in addition to development of the new radiotechnology for 5G NR networks. The 5G NR will be capable of scaling toprovide coverage (1) to a massive Internet of things (IoTs) with anultra-high density (e.g., ˜1M nodes/km²), ultra-low complexity (e.g.,˜10 s of bits/sec), ultra-low energy (e.g., ˜10+ years of battery life),and deep coverage with the capability to reach challenging locations;(2) including mission-critical control with strong security to safeguardsensitive personal, financial, or classified information, ultra-highreliability (e.g., ˜99.9999% reliability), ultra-low latency (e.g., ˜1ms), and users with wide ranges of mobility or lack thereof; and (3)with enhanced mobile broadband including extreme high capacity (e.g.,˜10 Tbps/km²), extreme data rates (e.g., multi-Gbps rate, 100+ Mbps userexperienced rates), and deep awareness with advanced discovery andoptimizations.

5G NR devices, networks, and systems may be implemented to use optimizedOFDM-based waveform features. These features may include scalablenumerology and transmission time intervals (TTIs); a common, flexibleframework to efficiently multiplex services and features with a dynamic,low-latency time division duplex (TDD)/frequency division duplex (FDD)design; and advanced wireless technologies, such as massive multipleinput, multiple output (MIMO), robust millimeter wave (mmWave)transmissions, advanced channel coding, and device-centric mobility.Scalability of the numerology in 5G NR, with scaling of subcarrierspacing, may efficiently address operating diverse services acrossdiverse spectrum and diverse deployments. For example, in variousoutdoor and macro coverage deployments of less than 3 GHz FDD/TDDimplementations, subcarrier spacing may occur with 15 kHz, for exampleover 1, 5, 10, 20 MHz, and the like bandwidth. For other various outdoorand small cell coverage deployments of TDD greater than 3 GHz,subcarrier spacing may occur with 30 kHz over 80/100 MHz bandwidth. Forother various indoor wideband implementations, using a TDD over theunlicensed portion of the 5 GHz band, the subcarrier spacing may occurwith 60 kHz over a 160 MHz bandwidth. Finally, for various deploymentstransmitting with mmWave components at a TDD of 28 GHz, subcarrierspacing may occur with 120 kHz over a 500 MHz bandwidth.

The scalable numerology of 5G NR facilitates scalable transmission timeinterval (TTI) for diverse latency and quality of service (QoS)requirements. For example, shorter TTI may be used for low latency andhigh reliability, while longer TTI may be used for higher spectralefficiency. The efficient multiplexing of long and short TTIs to allowtransmissions to start on symbol boundaries. 5G NR also contemplates aself-contained integrated subframe design with uplink/downlinkscheduling information, data, and acknowledgment in the same subframe.The self-contained integrated subframe supports communications inunlicensed or contention-based shared spectrum, adaptive uplink/downlinkthat may be flexibly configured on a per-cell basis to dynamicallyswitch between uplink and downlink to meet the current traffic needs.

For clarity, certain aspects of the apparatus and techniques may bedescribed below with reference to exemplary LTE implementations or in anLTE-centric way, and LTE terminology may be used as illustrativeexamples in portions of the description below; however, the descriptionis not intended to be limited to LTE applications. Indeed, the presentdisclosure is concerned with shared access to wireless spectrum betweennetworks using different radio access technologies or radio airinterfaces, such as those of 5G NR.

Moreover, it should be understood that, in operation, wirelesscommunication networks adapted according to the concepts herein mayoperate with any combination of licensed or unlicensed spectrumdepending on loading and availability. Accordingly, it will be apparentto one of skill in the art that the systems, apparatus and methodsdescribed herein may be applied to other communications systems andapplications than the particular examples provided.

While aspects and embodiments are described in this application byillustration to some examples, those skilled in the art will understandthat additional implementations and use cases may come about in manydifferent arrangements and scenarios. Innovations described herein maybe implemented across many differing platform types, devices, systems,shapes, sizes, packaging arrangements. For example, embodiments and/oruses may come about via integrated chip embodiments and/or othernon-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles,communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment,retail/purchasing devices, medical devices, AI-enabled devices, etc.).While some examples may or may not be specifically directed to use casesor applications, a wide assortment of applicability of describedinnovations may occur. Implementations may range from chip-level ormodular components to non-modular, non-chip-level implementations andfurther to aggregated, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer(OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more described aspects. Insome practical settings, devices incorporating described aspects andfeatures may also include additional components and features forimplementation and practice of claimed and described embodiments. It isintended that innovations described herein may be practiced in a widevariety of implementations, including both large/small devices,chip-level components, multi-component systems (e.g. RF-chain,communication interface, processor), distributed arrangements, end-userdevices, etc. of varying sizes, shapes, and constitution.

FIG. 1 shows wireless network 100 for communication according to someembodiments. Wireless network 100 may, for example, comprise a 5Gwireless network. As appreciated by those skilled in the art, componentsappearing in FIG. 1 are likely to have related counterparts in othernetwork arrangements including, for example, cellular-style networkarrangements and non-cellular-style-network arrangements (e.g., deviceto device or peer to peer or ad hoc network arrangements, etc.).

Wireless network 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 includes a number of basestations 105 and other network entities. A base station may be a stationthat communicates with the UEs and may also be referred to as an evolvednode B (eNB), a next generation eNB (gNB), an access point, and thelike. Each base station 105 may provide communication coverage for aparticular geographic area. In 3GPP, the term “cell” can refer to thisparticular geographic coverage area of a base station and/or a basestation subsystem serving the coverage area, depending on the context inwhich the term is used. In implementations of wireless network 100herein, base stations 105 may be associated with a same operator ordifferent operators (e.g., wireless network 100 may comprise a pluralityof operator wireless networks), and may provide wireless communicationsusing one or more of the same frequencies (e.g., one or more frequencybands in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combinationthereof) as a neighboring cell. In some examples, an individual basestation 105 or UE 115 may be operated by more than one network operatingentity. In other examples, each base station 105 and UE 115 may beoperated by a single network operating entity.

A base station may provide communication coverage for a macro cell or asmall cell, such as a pico cell or a femto cell, and/or other types ofcell. A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area(e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted accessby UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider. A smallcell, such as a pico cell, would generally cover a relatively smallergeographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with servicesubscriptions with the network provider. A small cell, such as a femtocell, would also generally cover a relatively small geographic area(e.g., a home) and, in addition to unrestricted access, may also providerestricted access by UEs having an association with the femto cell(e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs for users in thehome, and the like). A base station for a macro cell may be referred toas a macro base station. A base station for a small cell may be referredto as a small cell base station, a pico base station, a femto basestation or a home base station. In the example shown in FIG. 1 , basestations 105 d and 105 e are regular macro base stations, while basestations 105 a-105 c are macro base stations enabled with one of 3dimension (3D), full dimension (FD), or massive MIMO. Base stations 105a-105 c take advantage of their higher dimension MIMO capabilities toexploit 3D beamforming in both elevation and azimuth beamforming toincrease coverage and capacity. Base station 105 f is a small cell basestation which may be a home node or portable access point. A basestation may support one or multiple (e.g., two, three, four, and thelike) cells.

Wireless network 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation.For synchronous operation, the base stations may have similar frametiming, and transmissions from different base stations may beapproximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the basestations may have different frame timing, and transmissions fromdifferent base stations may not be aligned in time. In some scenarios,networks may be enabled or configured to handle dynamic switchingbetween synchronous or asynchronous operations.

UEs 115 are dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UEmay be stationary or mobile. It should be appreciated that, although amobile apparatus is commonly referred to as user equipment (UE) instandards and specifications promulgated by the 3rd GenerationPartnership Project (3GPP), such apparatus may also be referred to bythose skilled in the art as a mobile station (MS), a subscriber station,a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, amobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, aremote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal (AT), amobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, aterminal, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some othersuitable terminology. Within the present document, a “mobile” apparatusor UE need not necessarily have a capability to move, and may bestationary. Some non-limiting examples of a mobile apparatus, such asmay comprise embodiments of one or more of UEs 115, include a mobile, acellular (cell) phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol(SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a laptop, a personalcomputer (PC), a notebook, a netbook, a smart book, a tablet, and apersonal digital assistant (PDA). A mobile apparatus may additionally bean “Internet of things” (IoT) or “Internet of everything” (IoE) devicesuch as an automotive or other transportation vehicle, a satelliteradio, a global positioning system (GPS) device, a logistics controller,a drone, a multi-copter, a quad-copter, a smart energy or securitydevice, a solar panel or solar array, municipal lighting, water, orother infrastructure; industrial automation and enterprise devices;consumer and wearable devices, such as eyewear, a wearable camera, asmart watch, a health or fitness tracker, a mammal implantable device,gesture tracking device, medical device, a digital audio player (e.g.,MP3 player), a camera, a game console, etc.; and digital home or smarthome devices such as a home audio, video, and multimedia device, anappliance, a sensor, a vending machine, intelligent lighting, a homesecurity system, a smart meter, etc. In one aspect, a UE may be a devicethat includes a Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC). In anotheraspect, a UE may be a device that does not include a UICC. In someaspects, UEs that do not include UICCs may also be referred to as IoEdevices. UEs 115 a-115 d of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 areexamples of mobile smart phone-type devices accessing wireless network100 A UE may also be a machine specifically configured for connectedcommunication, including machine type communication (MTC), enhanced MTC(eMTC), narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) and the like. UEs 115 e-115 killustrated in FIG. 1 are examples of various machines configured forcommunication that access wireless network 100.

A mobile apparatus, such as UEs 115, may be able to communicate with anytype of the base stations, whether macro base stations, pico basestations, femto base stations, relays, and the like. In FIG. 1 , alightning bolt (e.g., communication link) indicates wirelesstransmissions between a UE and a serving base station, which is a basestation designated to serve the UE on the downlink and/or uplink, ordesired transmission between base stations, and backhaul transmissionsbetween base stations. Backhaul communication between base stations ofwireless network 100 may occur using wired and/or wireless communicationlinks.

In operation at wireless network 100, base stations 105 a-105 c serveUEs 115 a and 115 b using 3D beamforming and coordinated spatialtechniques, such as coordinated multipoint (CoMP) or multi-connectivity.Macro base station 105 d performs backhaul communications with basestations 105 a-105 c, as well as small cell, base station 105 f. Macrobase station 105 d also transmits multicast services which aresubscribed to and received by UEs 115 c and 115 d. Such multicastservices may include mobile television or stream video, or may includeother services for providing community information, such as weatheremergencies or alerts, such as Amber alerts or gray alerts.

Wireless network 100 of embodiments supports mission criticalcommunications with ultra-reliable and redundant links for missioncritical devices, such UE 115 e, which is a drone. Redundantcommunication links with UE 115 e include from macro base stations 105 dand 105 e, as well as small cell base station 105 f. Other machine typedevices, such as UE 115 f (thermometer), UE 115 g (smart meter), and UE115 h (wearable device) may communicate through wireless network 100either directly with base stations, such as small cell base station 105f, and macro base station 105 e, or in multi-hop configurations bycommunicating with another user device which relays its information tothe network, such as UE 115 f communicating temperature measurementinformation to the smart meter, UE 115 g, which is then reported to thenetwork through small cell base station 105 f. Wireless network 100 mayalso provide additional network efficiency through dynamic, low-latencyTDD/FDD communications, such as in a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) meshnetwork between UEs 115 i-115 k communicating with macro base station105 e.

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a design of a base station 105 and a UE115, which may be any of the base stations and one of the UEs in FIG. 1. For a restricted association scenario (as mentioned above), basestation 105 may be small cell base station 105 f in FIG. 1 , and UE 115may be UE 115 c or 115D operating in a service area of base station 105f, which in order to access small cell base station 105 f, would beincluded in a list of accessible UEs for small cell base station 105 fBase station 105 may also be a base station of some other type. As shownin FIG. 2 , base station 105 may be equipped with antennas 234 a through234 t, and UE 115 may be equipped with antennas 252 a through 252 r forfacilitating wireless communications.

At the base station 105, a transmit processor 220 may receive data froma data source 212 and control information from a controller/processor240. The control information may be for the physical broadcast channel(PBCH), physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH), physicalhybrid-ARQ (automatic repeat request) indicator channel (PHICH),physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), enhanced physical downlinkcontrol channel (EPDCCH), MTC physical downlink control channel(MPDCCH), etc. The data may be for the PDSCH, etc. The transmitprocessor 220 may process (e.g., encode and symbol map) the data andcontrol information to obtain data symbols and control symbols,respectively. The transmit processor 220 may also generate referencesymbols, e.g., for the primary synchronization signal (PSS) andsecondary synchronization signal (SSS), and cell-specific referencesignal. Transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the datasymbols, the control symbols, and/or the reference symbols, ifapplicable, and may provide output symbol streams to modulators (MODs)232 a through 232 t. Each modulator 232 may process a respective outputsymbol stream (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain an output sample stream.Each modulator 232 may additionally or alternatively process (e.g.,convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output samplestream to obtain a downlink signal. Downlink signals from modulators 232a through 232 t may be transmitted via the antennas 234 a through 234 t,respectively.

At the UE 115, the antennas 252 a through 252 r may receive the downlinksignals from the base station 105 and may provide received signals tothe demodulators (DEMODs) 254 a through 254 r, respectively. Eachdemodulator 254 may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, anddigitize) a respective received signal to obtain input samples. Eachdemodulator 254 may further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM,etc.) to obtain received symbols. MIMO detector 256 may obtain receivedsymbols from demodulators 254 a through 254 r, perform MIMO detection onthe received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols.Receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, anddecode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for the UE 115 to adata sink 260, and provide decoded control information to acontroller/processor 280.

On the uplink, at the UE 115, a transmit processor 264 may receive andprocess data (e.g., for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)) froma data source 262 and control information (e.g., for the physical uplinkcontrol channel (PUCCH)) from the controller/processor 280. Transmitprocessor 264 may also generate reference symbols for a referencesignal. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded byTX MIMO processor 266 if applicable, further processed by the modulators254 a through 254 r (e.g., for SC-FDM, etc.), and transmitted to thebase station 105. At base station 105, the uplink signals from UE 115may be received by antennas 234, processed by demodulators 232, detectedby MIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by receiveprocessor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE115. Processor 238 may provide the decoded data to data sink 239 and thedecoded control information to controller/processor 240.

Controllers/processors 240 and 280 may direct the operation at basestation 105 and UE 115, respectively. Controller/processor 240 and/orother processors and modules at base station 105 and/orcontroller/processor 280 and/or other processors and modules at UE 115may perform or direct the execution of various processes for thetechniques described herein, such as to perform or direct the executionillustrated in FIGS. 6A-6C and 7A-7C, and/or other processes for thetechniques described herein. Memories 242 and 282 may store data andprogram codes for base station 105 and UE 115, respectively. Scheduler244 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and/oruplink.

Wireless communications systems operated by different network operatingentities (e.g., network operators) may share spectrum. In someinstances, a network operating entity may be configured to use anentirety of a designated shared spectrum for at least a period of timebefore another network operating entity uses the entirety of thedesignated shared spectrum for a different period of time. Thus, inorder to allow network operating entities use of the full designatedshared spectrum, and in order to mitigate interfering communicationsbetween the different network operating entities, certain resources(e.g., time) may be partitioned and allocated to the different networkoperating entities for certain types of communication.

For example, a network operating entity may be allocated certain timeresources reserved for exclusive communication by the network operatingentity using the entirety of the shared spectrum. The network operatingentity may also be allocated other time resources where the entity isgiven priority over other network operating entities to communicateusing the shared spectrum. These time resources, prioritized for use bythe network operating entity, may be utilized by other network operatingentities on an opportunistic basis if the prioritized network operatingentity does not utilize the resources. Additional time resources may beallocated for any network operator to use on an opportunistic basis.

Access to the shared spectrum and the arbitration of time resourcesamong different network operating entities may be centrally controlledby a separate entity, autonomously determined by a predefinedarbitration scheme, or dynamically determined based on interactionsbetween wireless nodes of the network operators.

In some cases, UE 115 and base station 105 may operate in a shared radiofrequency spectrum band, which may include licensed or unlicensed (e.g.,contention-based) frequency spectrum. In an unlicensed frequency portionof the shared radio frequency spectrum band, UEs 115 or base stations105 may traditionally perform a medium-sensing procedure to contend foraccess to the frequency spectrum. For example, UE 115 or base station105 may perform a listen before talk (LBT) procedure such as a clearchannel assessment (CCA) prior to communicating in order to determinewhether the shared channel is available. A CCA may include an energydetection procedure to determine whether there are any other activetransmissions. For example, a device may infer that a change in areceived signal strength indicator (RSSI) of a power meter indicatesthat a channel is occupied. Specifically, signal power that isconcentrated in a certain bandwidth and exceeds a predetermined noisefloor may indicate another wireless transmitter. A CCA also may includedetection of specific sequences that indicate use of the channel. Forexample, another device may transmit a specific preamble prior totransmitting a data sequence. In some cases, an LBT procedure mayinclude a wireless node adjusting its own backoff window based on theamount of energy detected on a channel and/or theacknowledge/negative-acknowledge (ACK/NACK) feedback for its owntransmitted packets as a proxy for collisions.

Conventional encoding and decoding for 5G, including NR, utilizescoherent decoding. Conventional coherent encoding and decoding, such ascoherent phase shift keying (CPSK), requires a complicated demodulator,because the demodulator extracts a reference wave from a received signaland keeps track of it, i.e., compares each sample to it.

Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation process which conveysdata by changing (modulating) the phase of a constant frequencyreference signal (the carrier wave). The modulation is accomplished byvarying the sine and cosine inputs at a precise time. It is widely usedfor wireless LANs, radio-frequency identification (RFID) and Bluetoothcommunication. Any digital modulation scheme uses a finite number ofdistinct signals to represent digital data. PSK uses a finite number ofphases, each assigned a unique pattern of binary digits. Usually, eachphase encodes an equal number of bits. Each pattern of bits forms thesymbol that is represented by the particular phase. The demodulator,which is designed specifically for the symbol-set used by the modulator,determines the phase of the received signal and maps it back to thesymbol it represents, thus recovering the original data. This requiresthe receiver to be able to compare the phase of the received signal to areference signal—such a system is termed coherent (and specifically toas CPSK).

Alternatively, in non-coherent encoding and decoding a differencebetween two successive symbols may be used. For example, in differentialphase-shift keying (DPSK), a phase shift of each symbol sent can bemeasured with respect to a phase of a previous symbol sent. The symbolsare encoded in a difference in phase between successive samples. DPSKcan be significantly simpler to implement than ordinary coherent PSK, asit is a ‘non-coherent’ scheme, i.e. there is no need for the demodulatorto keep track of a reference wave.

Conventionally, the trade-off for reduced power and processing betweencoherent and non-coherent coding was increased demodulation errors forcoherent. However, it has been found that demodulation errors innon-coherent encoding decrease as the signal speed increases, from theincrease in frequency of the signal. Thus, for 5G NR where the signalspeed is higher, non-coherent encoding produces better performance andits congenitally known drawback begins to drop off or alleviate. Toillustrate, non-coherent encoding and decoding produces lessdemodulation errors for high-speed waves. For example, a block errorrate (BLER) for non-coherent coding is less than a BLER for coherentcoding at signal speeds of 120 kilometers an hour (kmh).

Systems and methods described herein are directed to non-coherentencoding and decoding for network devices. For example, non-coherentencoding and decoding may be used as an alternative mode for reducedpower operation and/or reduced processing operation. As an example, in5G NR, non-coherent operating modes may enable reduced power operation,concurrent operations (e.g., wireless communication and otherprocessing), and/or high mobility operations. Non-coherent encoding anddecoding may include or correspond to differential encoding anddecoding. In some implementations, non-coherent encoding and decoding isperformed independent of CSI. Additionally, or alternatively,non-coherent encoding and decoding includes encoding data for aparticular symbol based one or more adjacent symbols. To illustrate, asymbol may be multiplied by a conjugate of an adjacent symbol to encodedata in a particular implementation. Non-coherent encoding and decodingcan be performed on a waveform, e.g., an orthogonal frequency-divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) waveform. Such non-coherent encoding and decodingmay enable enhanced operation and flexibility in wireless communication,such as 5G NR. Accordingly, such systems and methods may increase deviceperformance, reduce device cost, and increase reliability of datasessions and voice calls.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 300that supports non-coherent transmissions, non-coherent encoding anddecoding, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In someexamples, wireless communications system 300 may implement aspects ofwireless communication system 100. For example, wireless communicationssystem 300 may include UE 115 and network entity 305. Non-coherenttransmissions may enable improved network performance and non-coherentencoding and decoding may enable improved device performance. Forexample, non-coherent transmissions may enable fewer dropped calls andincreased reliability, and non-coherent encoding may enable powersavings and reduced costs.

Network entity 305 and UE 115 may be configured to communicate viafrequency bands, such as FR1 having a frequency of 410 to 7125 MHz orFR2 having a frequency of 24250 to 52600 MHz for mm-Wave. It is notedthat sub-carrier spacing (SCS) may be equal to 15, 30, 60, or 120 kHzfor some data channels. Network entity 305 and UE 115 may be configuredto communicate via one or more component carriers (CCs), such asrepresentative first CC 381, second CC 382, third CC 383, and fourth CC384. Although four CCs are shown, this is for illustration only, more orfewer than four CCs may be used. One or more CCs may be used tocommunicate control channel transmissions, data channel transmissions,and/or sidelink channel transmissions.

For example, control channel transmissions 352 and data channeltransmissions 354 may be transmitted between UE 115 and network entity305. Such transmissions may include a Physical Downlink Control Channel(PDCCH), a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Physical UplinkControl Channel (PUCCH), or a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH).Optionally, sidelink channel transmissions 356 may be transmittedbetween UE 115 and network entity 305 or between UE 115 and anothernetwork device (e.g., another UE). Such sidelink channel transmissionsmay include a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), a PhysicalSidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), or a Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel(PSFCH). The above transmissions may be scheduled by aperiodic grantsand/or periodic grants.

Each periodic grant may have a corresponding configuration, such asconfiguration parameters/settings. The periodic grant configuration mayinclude configured grant (CG) configurations and settings. Additionally,or alternatively, one or more periodic grants (e.g., CGs thereof) mayhave or be assigned to a CC ID, such as intended CC ID.

Each CC may have a corresponding configuration, such as configurationparameters/settings. The configuration may include bandwidth, bandwidthpart, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process, transmissionconfiguration indicator (TCI) state, reference signal (RS), controlchannel resources, data channel resources, or a combination thereof.Additionally, or alternatively, one or more CCs may have or be assignedto a Cell ID, a Bandwidth Part (BWP) ID, or both. The Cell ID mayinclude a unique cell ID for the CC, a virtual Cell ID, or a particularCell ID of a particular CC of the plurality of CCs. Additionally, oralternatively, one or more CCs may have or be assigned to a HARQ ID.Each CC may also have corresponding management functionalities, such as,beam management, BWP switching functionality, or both. In someimplementations, two or more CCs are quasi co-located, such that the CCshave the same beam and/or same symbol.

In some implementations, control information may be communicated vianetwork entity 305 and UE 115. For example, the control information maybe communicated suing MAC-CE transmissions, radio resource control (RRC)transmissions, DCI, transmissions, another transmission, or acombination thereof.

UE 115 includes processor 302, memory 304, transmitter 310, receiver312, encoder, 313, decoder 314, non-coherent encoder 315, non-coherentdecoder 316, and antennas 252 a-r. Processor 302 may be configured toexecute instructions stored at memory 304 to perform the operationsdescribed herein. In some implementations, processor 302 includes orcorresponds to controller/processor 280, and memory 304 includes orcorresponds to memory 282. Memory 304 may also be configured to storedata 306, non-coherently encoded data 308, non-coherent coding settingsdata 342, thresholds 344, or a combination thereof, as further describedherein.

The data 306 includes or corresponds to data unencoded data or decodeddata. The non-coherently encoded data 308 includes or corresponds todata that has been non-coherently encoded, such as differentiallyencoded and/or encoded independent of CSI. The non-coherent codingsettings data 342 may include or correspond to data associated withencoding and/or decoding data. For example, non-coherent coding settingsdata 342 may include or indicate a non-coherent coding mode, anon-coherent coding parameter, a non-coherent coding algorithm, etc. Toillustrate, the non-coherent coding mode may indicate a single layermode, multiple layer mode, M-ary phase shift-keying (MPSK), amplitudeand phase shift-keying (APSK), transmission only, reception only, bothtransmission and reception, etc. The non-coherent coding parameter mayindicate a number of layers or a level of MPSK/APSK, such as 8 or 16. Asanother illustration, the non-coherent coding algorithm may specifywhich algorithm to use. Such settings may be pre-set and/or RRCconfigurable. The thresholds 344 may include or correspond to thresholdsfor determining when to perform non-coherent coding, which non-coherentcoding mode to select, what non-coherent coding parameter to use, etc.

Transmitter 310 is configured to transmit data to one or more otherdevices, and receiver 312 is configured to receive data from one or moreother devices. For example, transmitter 310 may transmit data, andreceiver 312 may receive data, via a network, such as a wired network, awireless network, or a combination thereof. For example, UE 115 may beconfigured to transmit and/or receive data via a direct device-to-deviceconnection, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), amodem-to-modem connection, the Internet, intranet, extranet, cabletransmission system, cellular communication network, any combination ofthe above, or any other communications network now known or laterdeveloped within which permits two or more electronic devices tocommunicate. In some implementations, transmitter 310 and receiver 312may be replaced with a transceiver. Additionally, or alternatively,transmitter 310, receiver, 312, or both may include or correspond to oneor more components of UE 115 described with reference to FIG. 2 .

Encoder 313 and decoder 314 may be configured to encode and decode datafor transmissions, such as coherently encode and decode data.Non-coherent encoder 315 may be configured to non-coherently encode datafor transmissions. For example, the non-coherent encoder 315 isconfigured to differentially encode data independent of CSI to generateencoded data for a transmission. The non-coherent encoder 315 mayperform one or more operations described with reference to FIG. 4A.Non-coherent decoder 316 may be configured to non-coherently decode datafrom transmissions. For example, non-coherent decoder 316 is configuredto non-coherently decode data from transmissions.

Network entity 305 includes processor 330, memory 332, transmitter 334,receiver 336, encoder 335, decoder 338, non-coherent encoder 339,non-coherent decoder 340, and antennas 234 a-t. Processor 330 may beconfigured to execute instructions stores at memory 332 to perform theoperations described herein. In some implementations, processor 330includes or corresponds to controller/processor 240, and memory 332includes or corresponds to memory 242. Memory 332 may be configured tostore data 306, non-coherent encoded data 308, non-coherent codingsettings data 342, thresholds 344, or a combination thereof, similar tothe UE 115 and as further described herein.

Transmitter 334 is configured to transmit data to one or more otherdevices, and receiver 336 is configured to receive data from one or moreother devices. For example, transmitter 334 may transmit data, andreceiver 336 may receive data, via a network, such as a wired network, awireless network, or a combination thereof. For example, network entity305 may be configured to transmit and/or receive data via a directdevice-to-device connection, a local area network (LAN), a wide areanetwork (WAN), a modem-to-modem connection, the Internet, intranet,extranet, cable transmission system, cellular communication network, anycombination of the above, or any other communications network now knownor later developed within which permits two or more electronic devicesto communicate. In some implementations, transmitter 334 and receiver336 may be replaced with a transceiver. Additionally, or alternatively,transmitter 334, receiver, 336, or both may include or correspond to oneor more components of network entity 305 described with reference toFIG. 2 . Encoder 335, decoder 338, non-coherent encoder 315, andnon-coherent decoder 316 may include the same functionality as describedwith reference to encoder 313, decoder 314, non-coherent encoder 315,and non-coherent decoder 316, respectively.

During operation of wireless communications system 300, network entity305 may determine that UE 115 has non-coherent coding capability. Forexample, UE 115 may transmit a message 348 that includes a non-coherentcoding indicator 392. Indicator 392 may indicate non-coherent codingcapability or a particular type of non-coherent coding, such as 8-MPSK.In some implementations, network entity 305 sends control information toindicate to UE 115 that non-coherent coding is to be used. For example,in some implementations, message 348 (or another message, such asconfiguration transmission 350) is transmitted by the network entity305. The configuration transmission 350 may include or indicate to usenon-coherent coding or to adjust or implement a setting of non-coherentcoding, such as a particular mode of non-coherent coding.

During operation, devices of wireless communications system 300,transmit control, data, and/or sidelink channel transmissions to otherdevices of wireless communications system 300. For example, UE 115 and abase station (e.g., 305) may transmit control and data information oncontrol and data channels. One or more of the transmissions may includequality indicators, such as control channel quality indicators and/ordata channel quality indicators. The quality indicators may be monitoredby UE 115 and/or stored.

In some implementations, UE 115 and network entity 305 initiate a datasession, such as a voice call. The data session may be setup usingcontrol and/or data channel transmissions. During setup of the datasession or upon joining the network, non-coherent coding information maybe transmitted or determined. For example, the network entity 305 maytransmit information indicating a particular non-coherent coding mode,and/or may transmit information indicating a particular non-coherentcoding setting or parameter used by the network entity 305. As anotherexample, the non-coherent coding may be determined based on channelquality data, device mobility, transmission frequency, battery level,etc., or a combination thereof.

After the UE 115 or network entity 305 determine to use non-coherentcoding, one or more devices may begin to perform non-coherent codingoperations to encode and/or decode data. For example, the UE 115 may mapa first resource element to a stored value. Additionally, oralternatively, the UE 115 may multiply two adjacent symbols for aparticular resource element to generate a product, and may map theparticular resource element to the product of the multiplication of thetwo adjacent symbols. In one implementation, a particular symbol ismultiplied by a conjugate of an adjacent symbol. Additional codingdetails are described with reference to FIGS. 4A and 5 .

UE 115 and network entity 305 may continue to perform non-coherentcoding operations until the end of the data session, a particularcondition is satisfied, or until a change in a channel parameter or a UEparameter is determined, such as a change in channel quality data,device mobility, transmission frequency, device mobility, device batterylevel, etc., or a combination thereof.

Thus, FIG. 3 describes non-coherent encoding and decoding operations.When non-coherent encoding is performed on a waveform, e.g., an OFDMwaveform, the non-coherently encoded waveform may be referred to as anon-coherent waveform. Using non-coherent waveforms to transmit data mayenable improved device and network performance. Using non-coherentwaveforms to transmit data enables a network to reduce overhead andlatency and improve reliability.

FIG. 4A illustrates an example of a non-coherent encoder that supportsnon-coherent encoding in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure. In some examples, non-coherent encoder may implement aspectsof wireless communication system 100 or 300. For example, non-coherentencoder (e.g., Non-Coherent Encoder 315, 339) may be included in UE 115and/or network entity 305. Non-coherent encoding and using non-coherentwaveforms to transmit data may enable fewer dropped calls and increasedreliability.

FIG. 4A illustrates a particular encoding flow for multi-level coding(MLC) or multi-layer coding. In single level coding, set partitioningmay not be utilized. Additionally, a channel coder (encoder) may not beused and/or may not code multiple bits streams into multiple separatechannels Bits of data may be directly mapped to a symbol. Additionally,FIG. 4A illustrates an encoding flow for M-PSK (e.g., M-PSK mapping). Inother implementations, other type of differential on or non-differentialcoding schemes may be used for bit to symbol mapping. For example, otherphase shift keying coding may be used, such as A-PSK, to map bits to asymbol.

Performing the non-coherent encoding operation may include multiplyingtwo adjacent symbols (e.g., adjacent in time, frequency, or both) for aparticular resource element to generate a product, and mapping theparticular resource element to the product of the multiplication of thetwo adjacent symbols. Additionally, or alternatively, performing thenon-coherent encoding operation may include mapping a first resourceelement to a stored value. For example, first bits (e.g., top centerbits, 000) may be mapped to a set or configurable value (e.g., 0 or000).

The non-coherent encoding operation includes performing, at 400, setpartitioning of information bits of the first data to generate multiplebit streams (e.g., C_(k,1) and C_(k,2)). For example, a plurality ofbits corresponding to data and/or a transmission may be divided or splitinto segment of N number of bits based on encoding parameters (e.g.,settings). The segments may correspond to separate bits streams (e.g.,C_(k,1) and C_(k,2)) that are to be non-coherently encoded.

The non-coherent encoding operation also includes performing, at 401,channel coding on each bit stream of the multiple bit streams (e.g.,separately) to generate channel coded bits (e.g., S_(k,1) and S_(k,2)).For example, channel encoding is performed on each bit stream (e.g.,C_(k,1) and C_(k,2)) to generate corresponding channel coded bits (e.g.,S_(k,1) and S_(k,2)).

The non-coherent encoding operation includes performing, at 402, bits tosymbol mapping on the channel coded bits to generate symbols (e.g.,S_(k)). For example, phase shift keying symbol mapping is performed onthe sets of channel coded bits (e.g., S_(k,1) and S_(k,2)) to generate acorresponding symbol (e.g., S_(k)). To illustrate, multiple sets ofchannel coded bits (e.g., S_(k,1) and S_(k,2)) may be mapped to onesymbol (e.g., S_(k)).

The non-coherent encoding operation also includes performing, at 403,differential encoding on the symbols to generate differentially encodedsymbols (e.g., X_(k)). For example, a symbol may be differentiallyencoded to generate a corresponding differentially encoded symbol.Differential encoding may include multiplying two adjacent symbols togenerate a differentially encoded symbol (X_(k)=S_(k)*X_(k−1)), asillustrated in FIG. 4A. As an illustrative, non-limiting example,channel bits of a resource element (RE) are (0,0,0). Then the symbol 000(e.g., Sk) will be selected for the channel bits and the resourceelement. The symbol 000 (which is represented by the particular phase,frequency and/or amplitude of a point on a constellation map, such as inFIGS. 4B and 4C) is then multiplied by a conjugate (e.g., symbol/signalconjugate) of an adjacent symbol (e.g., a symbol for an adjacent or nextRE/set of bits) to generate a corresponding differentially encodedsymbol (e.g., X_(k)). To illustrate, the symbol 000 and a conjugate ofan adjacent symbol (e.g., symbol 001) are multiplied to produce anencoded symbol. The conjugate of an adjacent symbol may be determined byan exponential of a conjugate of phase difference or shift (delta phaseor phase 1−phase 2) between adjacent symbols, exp(i*(phase1−phase2)). Toillustrate, s1*conj(s2)=e^((i)*^((phase1−phase2))). The differentialencoding operation may be performed in the frequency domain, the timedomain, or both. A detailed example of differential encoding in thefrequency domain is illustrated in FIG. 4D, and a detailed example ofdifferential encoding in the time domain is illustrated in FIG. 4E.

The non-coherent encoding operation further includes performing, at 404,inverse fast Fourier transform (inverse FFT or IFFT) and cyclic prefix(CP) operations (e.g., orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing(OFDM)) on the differentially encoded symbols to generate OFDM symbols.For example, inverse FFT operations calculations may be applied to eachencoded symbol to generate a corresponding OFDM symbol. After theinverse FFT operations have been performed, cyclic prefixes may beinserted between OFDM symbols (e.g., before a corresponding OFDM symbol)to generate a transmission.

In some implementations, performing the non-coherent encoding operationincludes utilizing resource elements (REs) allocated for demodulationreference signal (DMRS) as data conveying REs to increase a coding gain.Additionally or alternatively, performing the non-coherent encodingoperation includes performing the non-coherent encoding operationindependent of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS). In addition,performing the non-coherent encoding operation may further includerepurposing unused REs for data.

In some implementations, performing the non-coherent encoding operationincludes performing the non-coherent encoding operation independent ofchannel estimation, channel equalization, or both. For example, withrespect to channel estimation, encoding may be performed without the aidof reference signals, such as DMRS, TRS, etc. As another example, withrespect to channel equalization, distortion caused by or from signaltransmission through a channel may not be accounted for during encoding.

FIGS. 4B and 4C illustrate examples of 8-PSK signal constellations. InFIG. 4B, a first example of a signal constellation is illustrated. InFIG. 4C a second example of a signal constellation is illustrated. FIGS.4B and 4C illustrate examples of bit mapping to 8-PSK modulation. Eachsignal constellation maps a series of bits (e.g., 000) to a particularamplitude and phase of a symbol (e.g., tone). Although constantamplitude constellation are illustrated in FIGS. 4B and 4C, in otherimplementations non-constant amplitude constellations may be used, suchas A-PSK constellations.

FIG. 4D illustrates an example of non-coherent, frequency domainencoding in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Thenon-coherent, frequency domain encoding of FIG. 4D illustrates aparticular example, 403A, of the non-coherent encoding 403 illustratedin FIG. 4A.

In FIG. 4D, a single set of REs are shown for a single OFDM symbol, OFDMsymbol n. As an illustrative example, five REs (aka symbols) are shown.Greater than five or fewer than five REs may be used in otherimplementations. For a first RE (X₀), the differential encoding equationof X_(k)=S_(k)*X_(k−1) from 403 of FIG. 4A produces S₀ as thedifferently encoded first symbol. For the second through fifth REs(X₁-X₄), differential encoding in the frequency domain produces X₀S₁,X₁S₂, X₂S₃, and X₃S₄, respectively.

FIG. 4E illustrates an example of non-coherent, time domain encoding inaccordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The non-coherent,time domain encoding of FIG. 4E illustrates a particular example, 403B,of the non-coherent encoding 403 illustrated in FIG. 4A.

In FIG. 4E, two adjacent sets of REs are shown for adjacent OFDMsymbols, first REs for a first OFDM symbol (symbol n) and second REs fora second OFDM symbol (symbol n+1). As an illustrative example, five REs(aka symbols) are shown for each OFDM symbol. Greater than five or fewerthan five REs may be used in other implementations. For a first RE(X_(n,0)) of the first OFDM symbol, the differential encoding equationof X_(k)=S_(k)*X_(k−1) from 403 of FIG. 4A produces S_(n,0) as thedifferently encoded first symbol. For the second through fifth REs(X₁-X₄), differential encoding in the time domain produces S_(n,1),S_(n,2), S_(n,3), and S_(n,4), respectively.

For a first RE (X_(n+1,0)) of the second set of REs and for the secondOFDM symbol, the differential encoding equation of X_(k)=S_(k)*X_(k−1)from FIG. 4A produces X_(n,0)S_(n+1,0) as the differently encoded firstsymbol. For the second through fifth REs (X_(n+1,1)−X_(n+1,4)),differential encoding in the time domain produces X_(n,1)S_(n+1,1),X_(n,2)S_(n+1,2), X_(n,3)S_(n+1,3), and X_(n,4)S_(n+1,4), respectively.Accordingly, the frequency domain encoding of FIG. 4D encodes data inphase difference between two consecutive resource elements (REs) of asame OFDM symbol, while the time domain encoding of FIG. 4E encodes datain phase difference between two consecutive resource elements (REs)belonging to two adjacent OFDM symbols.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a non-coherent decoder that supportsnon-coherent decoding in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure. In some examples, non-coherent decoder may implement aspectsof wireless communication system 100 or 300. For example, thenon-coherent decoder (e.g., Non-Coherent Decoder 316, 340) may beincluded in UE 115 and/or network entity 305. Non-coherent decoding andtransmissions using non-coherent waveforms may enable fewer droppedcalls and increased reliability.

FIG. 5 illustrates a particular decoding flow for multi-level coding(MLC) or multi-layer coding. In single level coding, a single channeldecoder may be used. Additional channel decoders may be used in otherimplementations, such as 3 channel decoders for 3 level coding.Additionally, FIG. 5 illustrates a decoding flow for M-PSK. In otherimplementations, other type of differential on or non-differentialcoding schemes may be used. For example, other phase shift keying codingmay be used, such as A-PSK.

The non-coherent decoding operation includes removing, at 500, a cyclicprefix from OFDM symbols and performing FFT operations to generatedifferentially encoded symbols. For example, each encoded OFDM symbol ofa plurality of encoded OFDM symbols are processed by a FFT algorithm togenerate differentially encoded symbols (X_(k)) after correspondingcyclic prefixes are removed. Each OFDM symbol (X_(k)) may be processedto generate a corresponding differentially encoded symbol of thedifferentially encoded symbols.

The non-coherent decoding operation also includes performing, at 501,differential decoding on the differentially encoded symbols to generatechannel encoded bits. For example, each differentially encoded symbol isdifferentially decoded to generate a corresponding set of encoded bitsfor a particular channel, that is to generate a corresponding set ofchannel encoded bits (S_(k,2)). To illustrate, the differential decodingmay include multiplying a particular differentially encoded symbol(X_(k)) by a conjugate of a neighbor (adjacent symbol) of the particulardifferentially encoded symbol, such as conj(X_(k−1)) or conj(X_(k+1)),to generate a corresponding set of channel encoded bits (S_(k,2)). Thenon-coherent decoding operation may be performed in or for the frequencydomain, the time domain, or both, and analogous to the frequency domainand the time domain encoding illustrated in FIGS. 4D and 4E.

An OFDM symbol may include, indicate, or correspond to a plurality ofresource elements (REs). A resource element may be one subcarrier by onesymbol period (e.g., symbol). As an illustrative, non-limiting example,an OFDM symbol may have or represent 1000 REs. Each RE may be mapped toone or more OFDM symbols. In a 1 symbol mapping mode, a particular RE ismapped to a corresponding OFDM symbol A RE may be indicated by a REnumber (i) and may be denoted by x_(i). A constellation s for mappingREs to symbols includes elements S_(j) where j=1 to M. So, each RE cantransmit any of the possible M symbols. The symbols s_(j) may bedescribed as s_(j)=a_(j)+i*b. In some implementations, the conjugatemultiplication of two adjacent REs is mapped to a symbol. To illustrate,x₁=s₂*conj(s₁), x_(j)=s_(j)*conj(s_(j−1)). Prior to performing conjugatemultiplication based mapping, a particular or first RE may be mapped orset to a reference value. For example, the reference value may have avalue from −1 and 1, e.g. −1≥x0≤1.

The non-coherent decoding operation includes performing, at 502, leastsignificant bit (LSB) channel decoding on the channel encoded bits togenerate partially decoded bits. To illustrate, a portion (e.g., one ormore bits) of a particular set of channel encoded bits (S_(k,2)) may bedecoded or mapped to generate corresponding partially decoded bits(e.g., C_(k,2) and S_(k,1)). For example, if the channel encoded bitshave two bits, a last or right most bit may be decoded. As anotherexample, if the channel encoded bits have four bits, a last or rightmost two bits may be decoded.

The non-coherent decoding operation further includes performing, at 503,most significant bit (MSB) channel decoding on the partially decodedbits to generate decoded bits (e.g., C_(k,1)). To illustrate, a portion(e.g., one or more bits) of the partially decoded bits (e.g., C_(k,2)and S_(k,1)) may be decoded or mapped to generate decoded bits (e.g.,C_(k,1)). For example, if the partially decoded bits have two bits, afirst or left most bit may be decoded. As another example, if thepartially decoded bits have four bits, a first or left most two bits maybe decoded.

In some implementations, such as MPSK decoding operations, performingthe non-coherent decoding operation includes multiplying a resourceelement with a conjugate of an adjacent (e.g., next or consecutive)resource element to decode the RE. In other implementations, such asA-PSK decoding operations, performing the non-coherent decodingoperation includes dividing a resource element by a conjugate of anadjacent resource element to decode the RE. Although multiple layerencoding and decoding are illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 5 , in otherimplementations, the encoding and/or decoding may include a singlelayer, i.e., single layer encoding/decoding.

FIG. 6A is a block diagram illustrating example blocks executed by awireless communication device configured according to an aspect of thepresent disclosure. The example blocks will also be described withrespect to UE 115 as illustrated in FIG. 8 . However, another wirelesscommunication device, such as network entity (e.g., base station 105),may execute such blocks in other implementations. Referring to FIG. 8 ,FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating UE 115 configured according toone aspect of the present disclosure. UE 115 includes the structure,hardware, and components as illustrated for UE 115 of FIG. 2 . Forexample, UE 115 includes controller/processor 280, which operates toexecute logic or computer instructions stored in memory 282, as well ascontrolling the components of UE 115 that provide the features andfunctionality of UE 115. UE 115, under control of controller/processor280, transmits and receives signals via wireless radios 800 a-r andantennas 252 a-r. Wireless radios 800 a-r includes various componentsand hardware, as illustrated in FIG. 2 for UE 115, includingmodulator/demodulators 254 a-r, MIMO detector 256, receive processor258, transmit processor 264, and TX MIMO processor 266. As illustratedin the example of FIG. 8 , memory 282 stores Non-Coherent logic 802,mmWave logic 803, Coherent logic 804, Settings 805, Thresholds 806, andBuffer 807.

At block 600A, a mobile communication device, such as a UE, performs anon-coherent encoding operation on first data to generate a firsttransmission. For example, the UE 115 performs a non-coherent encodingoperation as described in FIG. 3 or 4A. The non-coherent encodingoperation may be performed independent of channel state information(CSI). In some implementations, the first data is encoded in phasedifference between two consecutive resource elements (REs) in afrequency domain. For example, a first RE and a second RE, a second REand a third RE, etc., of a single OFDM symbol are encoded, as describedwith reference to FIGS. 4D and 6B. In other implementations, the firstdata is encoded in phase difference between two consecutive resourceelements (REs) in a time domain belonging to two adjacent OFDM symbols.For example, first REs (e.g., consecutive or adjacent in time) from twodifferent OFDM symbol are encoded, as described with reference to FIGS.4E and 6C. Additionally, the first transmission may correspond to amillimeter wave transmission in some implementations.

The UE 115 may execute, under control of controller/processor 280,Non-Coherent logic 802, stored in memory 282. The execution environmentof Non-Coherent logic 802 provides the functionality for UE 115 todefine and perform the non-coherent encoding and decoding procedures.Additionally, the UE 115 may execute one or more of mmWave logic 803 andor coherent logic 804. The execution environment of Non-Coherent logic802 (and optionally mmWave logic 803) defines the different non-coherentencoding and decoding processes, such as determining to performnon-coherent encoding/decoding, performing the non-coherentencoding/decoding, adjusting non-coherent encoding/decoding settings, ora combination thereof. To illustrate, UE 115 may determine to operate ina particular non-coherent encoding/decoding mode based on aconfiguration message.

At block 601A, the UE 115 transmits the first transmission that isnon-coherently encoded. For example, the UE 115 sends a transmission,such as 352-356, via wireless radios 800 a-r and antennas 252 a-r, andthe transmission was non-coherently encoded, such as generatedindependent of channel state information. The transmission, such as awaveform thereof, may be referred to as a non-coherent transmissions ornon-coherent waveform. Additionally, such non-coherent transmissions andwaveforms are often referred to as differential transmissions orwaveforms. The transmission may include multiple slots or may be one ofmultiple transmissions for a set of contiguous slots of a window orframe. In some implementations, each slot is allocated to or fordownlink transmissions. In other implementations, the slots includeuplink and downlink slots. Additionally, or alternatively, every Nnumber of slots includes a downlink centric slot. A downlink centricslot may include control information, data information (e.g., user datainformation), acknowledgment information, or a combination thereof.

In some implementations, performing the non-coherent encoding operationincludes performing the non-coherent encoding operation independent of aDMRS hardware buffer, a symbol hardware buffer, or both. To illustrate,as the symbols are differentially encoded and the data is encoded inphase difference between adjacent or consecutive symbols, a referencesignal buffer may not be utilized during encoding (or decoding).Performing the non-coherent encoding operation enables phase noisereduction for low to mid-rate modulation and coding scheme (MCS), such asingle layer mode modulation modes.

The wireless communication device (e.g., UE 115 or gNB 105) may executeadditional blocks (or the wireless communication device may beconfigured further perform additional operations) in otherimplementations. For example, the wireless communication device mayperform one or more operations described above. As another example, thewireless communication device may perform one or more aspects asdescribed below.

In a first aspect, the first data is encoded in phase difference betweentwo consecutive resource elements (REs) in a frequency domain.

In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, thefirst data is encoded in phase difference between two consecutiveresource elements (REs) in a time domain belonging to two adjacent OFDMsymbols.

In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the aboveaspects, the performing the non-coherent encoding operation comprisesencoding based on a phase shift keying based modulation scheme or anamplitude and phase shift keying based modulation scheme.

In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of theabove aspects, the performing the non-coherent encoding operationcomprises encoding based on an amplitude difference modulation scheme.

In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the aboveaspects, the wireless communication device operates according to a slotformat, and wherein each slot is allocated to downlink transmissions.

In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the aboveaspects, the wireless communication device operates according to a slotformat, and wherein every N number of slots includes a downlink centricslot.

In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of theabove aspects, performing the non-coherent encoding operation comprisesperforming the non-coherent encoding operation independent of trackingreference signal (TRS) pilots.

In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of theabove aspects, performing the non-coherent encoding operation comprisesutilizing resource elements (REs) allocated for demodulation referencesignal (DMRS) as data conveying REs for higher coding gain.

In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the aboveaspects, performing the non-coherent encoding operation includes:multiplying two adjacent symbols for a particular resource element togenerate a product; and mapping the particular resource element to theproduct of the multiplication of the two adjacent symbols.

In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the aboveaspects, performing the non-coherent encoding operation includes:mapping a first resource element to a stored value.

In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of theabove aspects, performing the non-coherent encoding operation includes:performing set partitioning of information bits of the first data togenerate multiple bit streams; performing channel coding on each bitsstream of the multiple bit streams to generate corresponding channelcoded bits; performing bits to symbol mapping on each channel coded bitsto generate corresponding symbols; performing differential encoding oneach symbol to generate differentially encoded symbols; and performinginverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) and cyclic prefix (CP) operationson the differentially encoded symbols to generate OFDM symbols.

In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of theabove aspects, each fast Fourier transform (FFT) symbol is encodedindependent of other FFT symbols.

In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of theabove aspects, each fast Fourier transform (FFT) symbol is encoded basedon an adjacent FFT symbol.

In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of theabove aspects, performing the non-coherent encoding operation comprisesrepurposing unused resource elements for data.

In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of theabove aspects, performing the non-coherent encoding operation comprisesperforming the non-coherent encoding operation independent of channelestimation.

In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of theabove aspects, performing the non-coherent encoding operation comprisesperforming the non-coherent encoding operation independent of channelequalization.

In a seventeenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of theabove aspects, performing the non-coherent encoding operation comprisesperforming the non-coherent encoding operation independent of ademodulation reference signal (DMRS).

In an eighteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of theabove aspects, performing the non-coherent encoding operation comprisesperforming the non-coherent encoding operation independent of a DMRShardware buffer, a symbol hardware buffer, or both.

In a nineteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of theabove aspects, performing the non-coherent encoding operation enablesphase noise reduction for low to mid-rate modulation and coding scheme(MCS).

In a twentieth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of theabove aspects, the wireless communication device is a user equipment ora network entity.

In a twenty-first aspect, alone or in combination with one or more ofthe above aspects, the user equipment is a reduced capability userequipment with a single receive antenna.

In a twenty-second aspect, alone or in combination with one or more ofthe above aspects, performing the non-coherent encoding operationcomprises performing the non-coherent encoding operation independent ofspatial multiplexing.

FIG. 6B is a block diagram illustrating example blocks executed by a UEconfigured according to an aspect of the present disclosure. The exampleblocks will also be described with respect to UE 115 as illustrated inFIG. 8 . However, another wireless communication device, such as networkentity (e.g., base station 105), may execute such blocks in otherimplementations.

At block 600B, a mobile communication device, such as a UE, performs anon-coherent encoding operation on first data to generate a firsttransmission using a non-coherent differential modulation encodingscheme in a frequency domain for adjacent subcarriers in an orthogonalfrequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform. For example, the UE 115performs a non-coherent encoding operation as described in FIG. 3 or 4A.The non-coherent encoding operation may be performed independent ofchannel state information (CSI) using a non-coherent differentialmodulation encoding scheme in the frequency domain for adjacentsubcarriers in an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)waveform. In some implementations, the first data is encoded in phasedifference between two consecutive resource elements (REs) in afrequency domain.

The UE 115 may execute, under control of controller/processor 280,Non-Coherent logic 802, stored in memory 282. The execution environmentof Non-Coherent logic 802 provides the functionality for UE 115 todefine and perform the non-coherent encoding and decoding procedures.Additionally, the UE 115 may execute one or more of mmWave logic 803 andor coherent logic 804. The execution environment of Non-Coherent logic802 (and optionally mmWave logic 803) defines the different non-coherentencoding and decoding processes, such as determining to performnon-coherent encoding/decoding, performing the non-coherentencoding/decoding, adjusting non-coherent encoding/decoding settings, ora combination thereof. To illustrate, UE 115 may determine to operate ina particular non-coherent encoding/decoding mode based on aconfiguration message.

At block 601B, the UE 115 transmits the first transmission that isnon-coherently encoded. For example, the UE 115 sends a transmission,such as 352-356, via wireless radios 800 a-r and antennas 252 a-r, andthe transmission was non-coherently encoded, such as generatedindependent of channel state information. The transmission, such as awaveform thereof, may be referred to as a non-coherent transmissions ornon-coherent waveform. Additionally, such non-coherent transmissions andwaveforms are often referred to as differential transmissions orwaveforms. The transmission may include multiple slots or may be one ofmultiple transmissions for a set of contiguous slots of a window orframe. In some implementations, each slot is allocated to or fordownlink transmissions. In other implementations, the slots includeuplink and downlink slots. Additionally, or alternatively, every Nnumber of slots includes a downlink centric slot. A downlink centricslot may include control information, data information (e.g., user datainformation), acknowledgment information, or a combination thereof.

In some implementations, performing the non-coherent encoding operationincludes performing the non-coherent encoding operation independent of aDMRS hardware buffer, a symbol hardware buffer, or both. To illustrate,as the symbols are differentially encoded and the data is encoded inphase difference between adjacent or consecutive symbols, a referencesignal buffer may not be utilized during encoding (or decoding).Performing the non-coherent encoding operation enables phase noisereduction for low to mid-rate modulation and coding scheme (MCS), such asingle layer mode modulation modes.

The wireless communication device may execute additional blocks (or thewireless communication device may be configured further performadditional operations) in other implementations. For example, thewireless communication device may perform one or more operationsdescribed above. To illustrate, the wireless communication device mayperform one or more aspects as described with reference to FIG. 6A.

FIG. 6C is a block diagram illustrating example blocks executed by a UEconfigured according to an aspect of the present disclosure. The exampleblocks will also be described with respect to UE 115 as illustrated inFIG. 8 . However, another wireless communication device, such as networkentity (e.g., base station 105), may execute such blocks in otherimplementations.

At block 600C, a mobile communication device, such as a UE, performs anon-coherent encoding operation on first data to generate a firsttransmission using a non-coherent differential modulation encodingscheme between orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)symbols. For example, the UE 115 performs a non-coherent encodingoperation as described in FIG. 3 or 4A. The non-coherent encodingoperation may be performed independent of channel state information(CSI) using a non-coherent differential modulation encoding schemebetween orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. Insome implementations, the first data is encoded in phase differencebetween two consecutive resource elements (REs) in a time domainbelonging to two adjacent OFDM symbols.

The UE 115 may execute, under control of controller/processor 280,Non-Coherent logic 802, stored in memory 282. The execution environmentof Non-Coherent logic 802 provides the functionality for UE 115 todefine and perform the non-coherent encoding and decoding procedures.Additionally, the UE 115 may execute one or more of mmWave logic 803 andor coherent logic 804. The execution environment of Non-Coherent logic802 (and optionally mmWave logic 803) defines the different non-coherentencoding and decoding processes, such as determining to performnon-coherent encoding/decoding, performing the non-coherentencoding/decoding, adjusting non-coherent encoding/decoding settings, ora combination thereof. To illustrate, UE 115 may determine to operate ina particular non-coherent encoding/decoding mode based on aconfiguration message.

At block 601C, the UE 115 transmits the first transmission that isnon-coherently encoded. For example, the UE 115 sends a transmission,such as 352-356, via wireless radios 800 a-r and antennas 252 a-r, andthe transmission was non-coherently encoded, such as generatedindependent of channel state information. The transmission, such as awaveform thereof, may be referred to as a non-coherent transmissions ornon-coherent waveform. Additionally, such non-coherent transmissions andwaveforms are often referred to as differential transmissions orwaveforms. The transmission may include multiple slots or may be one ofmultiple transmissions for a set of contiguous slots of a window orframe. In some implementations, each slot is allocated to or fordownlink transmissions. In other implementations, the slots includeuplink and downlink slots. Additionally, or alternatively, every Nnumber of slots includes a downlink centric slot. A downlink centricslot may include control information, data information (e.g., user datainformation), acknowledgment information, or a combination thereof.

In some implementations, performing the non-coherent encoding operationincludes performing the non-coherent encoding operation independent of aDMRS hardware buffer, a symbol hardware buffer, or both. To illustrate,as the symbols are differentially encoded and the data is encoded inphase difference between adjacent or consecutive symbols, a referencesignal buffer may not be utilized during encoding (or decoding).Performing the non-coherent encoding operation enables phase noisereduction for low to mid-rate modulation and coding scheme (MCS), such asingle layer mode modulation modes.

The wireless communication device may execute additional blocks (or thewireless communication device may be configured further performadditional operations) in other implementations. For example, thewireless communication device may perform one or more operationsdescribed above. To illustrate, the wireless communication device mayperform one or more aspects as described with reference to FIG. 6A.

FIG. 7A is a block diagram illustrating example blocks executed by awireless communication device configured according to an aspect of thepresent disclosure. The example blocks will also be described withrespect to a network entity, such as gNB 105 as illustrated in FIG. 9 .However, another wireless communication device, such as UE 115, mayexecute such blocks in other implementations.

Referring to FIG. 9 , FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a basestation 105 configured according to one aspect of the presentdisclosure. Base station 105 includes the structure, hardware, andcomponents as illustrated for base station 105 of FIG. 2 . For example,base station 105 includes controller/processor 240, which operates toexecute logic or computer instructions stored in memory 242, as well ascontrolling the components of base station 105 that provide the featuresand functionality of base station 105. Base station 105, under controlof controller/processor 280, transmits and receives signals via wirelessradios 900 a-t and antennas 234 a-t. Wireless radios 900 a-t includesvarious components and hardware, as illustrated in FIG. 2 for basestation 105, including modulator/demodulators 232 a-t, MIMO detector236, receive processor 238, transmit processor 220, and TX MIMOprocessor 230. As illustrated in the example of FIG. 9 , memory 242stores Non-Coherent logic 902, mmWave logic 903, Coherent logic 904,Settings 905, Thresholds 906, and Buffer 907.

At block 700A, a wireless communication device, such as a gNB 105,receives a first transmission that is non-coherently encoded. Forexample, the gNB 105 receives a transmission, as in FIG. 3 , that wasnon-coherently encoded.

At block 701A, the gNB 105 performs a non-coherent decoding operation onthe first transmission to decode the first transmission. For example,the gNB 105 performs a non-coherent decoding operation as described inFIG. 3 or 5 . The non-coherent decoding operation may be performedindependent of channel state information (CSI).

The wireless communication device (e.g., gNB 105 or UE 115) may executeadditional blocks (or the wireless communication device may beconfigured further perform additional operations) in otherimplementations. For example, the wireless communication device mayperform one or more operations described above. As another example, thewireless communication device may perform one or more aspects asdescribed below.

In a first aspect, performing the non-coherent decoding operationincludes: removing a cyclic prefix from OFDM symbols and performing fastFourier transform (FFT) operations to generate differentially encodedsymbols; differential decoding the differentially encoded symbols togenerate channel encoded bits; performing least significant bit (LSB)channel decoding on the channel encoded bits to generate partiallydecoded bits; and performing most significant bit (MSB) channel decodingon the partially decoded bits to generate decoded bits.

In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect,performing the non-coherent decoding operation includes: removing acyclic prefix from OFDM symbols and performing fast Fourier transform(FFT) operations to generate differentially encoded symbols;differential decoding the differentially encoded symbols to generatechannel encoded bits; and performing a single channel decoding on thechannel encoded bits to generate decoded bits.

In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the aboveaspects, the first transmission corresponds to a millimeter wavetransmission.

In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of theabove aspects, performing the non-coherent decoding operation includes:multiplying a resource element with a conjugate of an adjacent resourceelement.

In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the aboveaspects, performing the non-coherent decoding operation includes:dividing a resource element by an adjacent resource element.

In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the aboveaspects, the wireless communication device is a user equipment or anetwork entity.

In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of theabove aspects, the first data is decoded in phase difference between twoconsecutive resource elements (REs) in a frequency domain.

In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of theabove aspects, the first data is decoded in phase difference between twoconsecutive resource elements (REs) in a time domain belonging to twoadjacent OFDM symbols.

In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the aboveaspects, the performing the non-coherent decoding operation comprisesdecoding based on a phase shift keying based modulation scheme or anamplitude and phase shift keying based modulation scheme.

In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the aboveaspects, the performing the non-coherent decoding operation comprisesdecoding based on an amplitude difference modulation scheme.

FIG. 7B is a block diagram illustrating example blocks executed by awireless communication device configured according to an aspect of thepresent disclosure. The example blocks will also be described withrespect to a network entity, such as gNB 105 as illustrated in FIG. 9 .However, another wireless communication device, such as UE 115, mayexecute such blocks in other implementations.

At block 700B, a wireless communication device, such as a gNB 105,receives a first transmission that is non-coherently encoded. Forexample, the gNB 105 receives a transmission, as in FIG. 3 , that wasnon-coherently encoded.

At block 701B, the gNB 105 performs a non-coherent decoding operation onthe first transmission to decode the first transmission using anon-coherent differential modulation decoding scheme in a frequencydomain for adjacent subcarriers in an orthogonal frequency-divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) waveform. For example, the gNB 105 performs anon-coherent decoding operation as described in FIG. 3 or 5 . Thenon-coherent decoding operation may be performed independent of channelstate information (CSI) using a non-coherent differential modulationdecoding scheme in the frequency domain for adjacent subcarriers in anorthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform.

The wireless communication device may execute additional blocks (or thewireless communication device may be configured further performadditional operations) in other implementations. For example, thewireless communication device may perform one or more operationsdescribed above. To illustrate, the wireless communication device mayperform one or more aspects as described with reference to FIGS. 6A and7A.

FIG. 7C is a block diagram illustrating example blocks executed by awireless communication device configured according to an aspect of thepresent disclosure. The example blocks will also be described withrespect to a network entity, such as gNB 105 as illustrated in FIG. 9 .However, another wireless communication device, such as UE 115, mayexecute such blocks in other implementations.

At block 700C, a wireless communication device, such as a gNB 105,receives a first transmission that is non-coherently encoded. Forexample, the gNB 105 receives a transmission, as in FIG. 3 , that wasnon-coherently encoded.

At block 701C, the gNB 105 performs a non-coherent decoding operation onthe first transmission to decode the first transmission using anon-coherent differential modulation decoding scheme between orthogonalfrequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. For example, the gNB 105performs a non-coherent decoding operation as described in FIG. 3 or 5 .The non-coherent decoding operation may be performed independent ofchannel state information (CSI) using a non-coherent differentialmodulation decoding scheme between orthogonal frequency-divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) symbols.

The wireless communication device may execute additional blocks (or thewireless communication device may be configured further performadditional operations) in other implementations. For example, thewireless communication device may perform one or more operationsdescribed above. To illustrate, the wireless communication device mayperform one or more aspects as described with reference to FIGS. 6A and7A.

Accordingly, a wireless communication device, such as a UE or a basestation, may non-coherently encode and decode information for wirelesscommunication. By utilizing non-coherently encoded communications,improved transmission and reception can be achieved. For example,wireless communication devices may use less power to transmit andreceive such communications and/or use less power to encode and decodeinformation to be transmitted. Additionally, such non-coherently encodedcommunications may reduce costs and may increase device mobility. Forexample, the processing for non-coherent encoding is more simplified ascompared to coherent encoding. Thus, the processing power costs arereduced, and device costs may be reduced. To illustrate, battery sizeand processing power/a processing chain may be reduced. As anillustrative example, the device may not utilize a hardware based bufferand/or may utilize a two symbol buffer. As another example,non-coherently encoded transmissions are more resistant to the Dopplereffect (e.g., frequency changes based on device movement). Additionally,the usage of both demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and TRS pilotsignals may be redundant; transmission overhead may be reduced. Toillustrate, TRS pilots may be not used and DMRS may be used in morelimited ways, such as for coding gain and in repurposed or vacant REsinstead of in dedicated DMRS REs. Consequently, latency and overhead maybe reduced and throughput and reliability may be increased.

Those of skill in the art would understand that information and signalsmay be represented using any of a variety of different technologies andtechniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information,signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout theabove description may be represented by voltages, currents,electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields orparticles, or any combination thereof.

The functional blocks and modules described herein (e.g., the functionalblocks and modules in FIG. 2 ) may comprise processors, electronicsdevices, hardware devices, electronics components, logical circuits,memories, software codes, firmware codes, etc., or any combinationthereof. In addition, features discussed herein relating to non-coherentcoding may be implemented via specialized processor circuitry, viaexecutable instructions, and/or combinations thereof.

Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrativelogical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps (e.g., thelogical blocks in FIGS. 6A-6C and 7A-7C) described in connection withthe disclosure herein may be implemented as electronic hardware,computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate thisinterchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrativecomponents, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been describedabove generally in terms of their functionality. Whether suchfunctionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon theparticular application and design constraints imposed on the overallsystem. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality invarying ways for each particular application, but such implementationdecisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from thescope of the present disclosure. Skilled artisans will also readilyrecognize that the order or combination of components, methods, orinteractions that are described herein are merely examples and that thecomponents, methods, or interactions of the various aspects of thepresent disclosure may be combined or performed in ways other than thoseillustrated and described herein.

The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits describedin connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performedwith a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), anapplication specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmablegate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate ortransistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combinationthereof designed to perform the functions described herein. Ageneral-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in thealternative, the processor may be any conventional processor,controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also beimplemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combinationof a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one ormore microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suchconfiguration.

The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with thedisclosure herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a softwaremodule executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. Asoftware module may reside in random access memory (RAM), read-onlymemory (ROM), electronically erasable programmable read-only memory(EEPROM), registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a compact discread-only memory (CD-ROM), or any other form of storage medium known inthe art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor suchthat the processor can read information from, and write information to,the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may beintegral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium mayreside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal. In thealternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discretecomponents in a user terminal.

In one or more exemplary designs, the functions described may beimplemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof.If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on ortransmitted over as one or more instructions or code on acomputer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computerstorage media and communication media including any medium thatfacilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another.Computer-readable storage media may be any available media that can beaccessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. By way ofexample, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can compriseRAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic diskstorage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that canbe used to carry or store desired program code means in the form ofinstructions or data structures and that can be accessed by ageneral-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose orspecial-purpose processor. Also, a connection may be properly termed acomputer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmittedfrom a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable,fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or digital subscriber line (DSL), thenthe coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or DSL, are includedin the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, includescompact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc(DVD), hard disk, solid state disk, and blu-ray disc where disks usuallyreproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically withlasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within thescope of computer-readable media.

As used herein, including in the claims, the term “and/or,” when used ina list of two or more items, means that any one of the listed items canbe employed by itself, or any combination of two or more of the listeditems can be employed. For example, if a composition is described ascontaining components A, B, and/or C, the composition can contain Aalone; B alone; C alone; A and B in combination; A and C in combination;B and C in combination; or A, B, and C in combination. Also, as usedherein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of itemsprefaced by “at least one of” indicates a disjunctive list such that,for example, a list of “at least one of A, B, or C” means A or B or C orAB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) or any of these in anycombination thereof.

The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable anyperson skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Variousmodifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to thoseskilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may beapplied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scopeof the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited tothe examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded thewidest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosedherein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of wireless communication comprising:performing, by a wireless communication device, a non-coherent encodingoperation on first data to generate a first transmission, wherein thenon-coherent encoding operation encodes data independent of channelstate information (CSI) using a non-coherent differential modulationencoding scheme in a frequency domain for adjacent subcarriers in anorthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform; andtransmitting, by the wireless communication device, the firsttransmission, wherein the first transmission is non-coherently encodedand corresponds to a millimeter wave transmission, and wherein the firstdata is encoded in phase difference between two consecutive resourceelements (REs) in the frequency domain.
 2. The method of claim 1,wherein the OFDM waveform includes multiple REs including the twoconsecutive, wherein a resource element of the multiple REs correspondsto one or more OFDM symbols.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein theperforming the non-coherent encoding operation comprises encoding basedon a phase shift keying based modulation scheme or an amplitude andphase shift keying based modulation scheme.
 4. The method of claim 1,wherein the performing the non-coherent encoding operation comprisesencoding based on an amplitude difference modulation scheme.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the wireless communication device operatesaccording to a slot format, and wherein each slot is allocated todownlink transmissions.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the wirelesscommunication device operates according to a slot format, and whereinevery N number of slots includes a downlink centric slot.
 7. The methodof claim 1, wherein performing the non-coherent encoding operationcomprises performing the non-coherent encoding operation independent oftracking reference signal (TRS) pilots.
 8. The method of claim 1,wherein performing the non-coherent encoding operation comprisesutilizing REs allocated for demodulation reference signal (DMRS) as dataconveying REs for higher coding gain.
 9. The method of claim 1, whereinperforming the non-coherent encoding operation includes: multiplying twoadjacent symbols for a particular resource element to generate aproduct; and mapping the particular resource element to the product ofthe multiplication of the two adjacent symbols.
 10. The method of claim1, wherein performing the non-coherent encoding operation includes:mapping a first resource element to a stored value.
 11. The method ofclaim 1, wherein performing the non-coherent encoding operationincludes: performing set partitioning of information bits of the firstdata to generate multiple bit streams; performing channel coding on eachbit stream of the multiple bit streams to generate corresponding channelcoded bits; performing bits to symbol mapping on each channel coded bitsto generate corresponding symbols; performing differential encoding oneach symbol to generate differentially encoded symbols; and performinginverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) and cyclic prefix (CP) operationson the differentially encoded symbols to generate OFDM symbols.
 12. Themethod of claim 11, wherein each fast Fourier transform (FFT) symbol isencoded independent of other FFT symbols.
 13. The method of claim 1,wherein performing the non-coherent encoding operation includes: mappinga first resource element (RE) of multiple resource elements (REs) of theOFDM waveform to a stored value; and mapping a second resource elementof the multiple REs to a product of a conjugate multiplication of thesecond resource element and a conjugate of the first resource element,wherein the multiple REs belong to one OFDM symbol of the OFDM waveform.14. An apparatus configured for wireless communication, the apparatuscomprising: at least one processor; and a memory coupled to theprocessor, the processor is configured: to perform, by a wirelesscommunication device, a non-coherent encoding operation on first data togenerate a first transmission, wherein the non-coherent encodingoperation encodes data independent of channel state information (CSI)using a non-coherent differential modulation encoding scheme in afrequency domain for adjacent subcarriers in an orthogonalfrequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform; and to transmit, by thewireless communication device, the first transmission, wherein the firsttransmission is non-coherently encoded and corresponds to a millimeterwave transmission, and wherein the first data is encoded in phasedifference between two consecutive resource elements (REs) in thefrequency domain.
 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein performing thenon-coherent encoding operation comprises repurposing unused resourceelements for data.
 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein performing thenon-coherent encoding operation comprises performing the non-coherentencoding operation independent of channel estimation.
 17. The apparatusof claim 14, wherein performing the non-coherent encoding operationcomprises performing the non-coherent encoding operation independent ofchannel equalization.
 18. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein performingthe non-coherent encoding operation comprises performing thenon-coherent encoding operation independent of a demodulation referencesignal (DMRS).
 19. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein performing thenon-coherent encoding operation comprises performing the non-coherentencoding operation independent of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS)hardware buffer, a symbol hardware buffer, or both.
 20. The apparatus ofclaim 14, wherein performing the non-coherent encoding operation enablesphase noise reduction for low to mid-rate modulation and coding scheme(MCS).
 21. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the wireless communicationdevice is a user equipment or a network entity.
 22. The apparatus ofclaim 21, wherein the user equipment is a reduced capability userequipment with a single receive antenna.
 23. The apparatus of claim 14,wherein performing the non-coherent encoding operation comprisesperforming the non-coherent encoding operation independent of spatialmultiplexing.
 24. A method of wireless communication comprising:receiving, by a wireless communication device, a first transmission,wherein the first transmission is non-coherently encoded independent ofchannel state information (CSI) and corresponds to a millimeter wavetransmission, and wherein first data of the first transmission isencoded in phase difference between two consecutive resource elements(REs) in a frequency domain; and performing, by the wirelesscommunication device, a non-coherent decoding operation on the firsttransmission to decode the first transmission using a non-coherentdifferential modulation decoding scheme in the frequency domain foradjacent subcarriers in an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing(OFDM) waveform.
 25. The method of claim 24, wherein performing thenon-coherent decoding operation includes: removing a cyclic prefix fromOFDM symbols and performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) operations togenerate differentially encoded symbols; differential decoding thedifferentially encoded symbols to generate channel encoded bits;performing least significant bit (LSB) channel decoding on the channelencoded bits to generate partially decoded bits; and performing mostsignificant bit (MSB) channel decoding on the partially decoded bits togenerate decoded bits.
 26. The method of claim 24, wherein performingthe non-coherent decoding operation includes: removing a cyclic prefixfrom OFDM symbols and performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) operationsto generate differentially encoded symbols; differential decoding thedifferentially encoded symbols to generate channel encoded bits; andperforming a single channel decoding on the channel encoded bits togenerate decoded bits.
 27. An apparatus configured for wirelesscommunication, the apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and amemory coupled to the processor, the processor is configured: toreceive, by a wireless communication device, a first transmission,wherein the first transmission is non-coherently encoded independent ofchannel state information (CSI) and corresponds to a millimeter wavetransmission, and wherein first data of the first transmission isencoded in phase difference between two consecutive resource elements(REs) in a frequency domain; and to perform, by the wirelesscommunication device, a non-coherent decoding operation on the firsttransmission to decode the first transmission using a non-coherentdifferential modulation decoding scheme in the frequency domain foradjacent subcarriers in an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing(OFDM) waveform.
 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein performing thenon-coherent decoding operation includes: multiplying a resource elementwith a conjugate of an adjacent resource element.
 29. The apparatus ofclaim 27, wherein performing the non-coherent decoding operationincludes: dividing a resource element by an adjacent resource element.30. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the wireless communication deviceis a user equipment or a network entity.